Eye Care Guide For Healthy Flying

Air travel can be a convenient and efficient way to reach your destination. Still, it can also raise concerns about your eye health. From dry eyes to the impact of cabin pressure changes, flying can present unique challenges to maintaining optimal eye comfort and well-being.

In this article, we will explore various aspects of eye health related to flying and provide guidance on caring for your eyes while in the air.

Although flying does not directly impact your eyesight, certain conditions within an aeroplane cabin can create temporary discomfort or worsen pre-existing eye problems. These factors include:

• Cabin pressure: The pressure inside an aeroplane cabin is typically lower than at sea level, which can cause minor swelling of eye tissues. This may lead to temporary changes in vision or discomfort, particularly for individuals with existing eye conditions. Additionally, changes in cabin pressure during takeoff and landing can create pressure sensations in the eyes. However, these are usually mild and short-lived.
• Low humidity: Airplane cabins are known for their low humidity levels, which can contribute to eye dryness. The low-humidity environment can also exacerbate symptoms for those with dry eye syndrome or other similar conditions. Dry eyes can cause temporary blurriness, redness, and discomfort, especially during long flights.

Aeroplane cabins tend to have low humidity levels, which can contribute to dry eyes during flights. To prevent or alleviate dry eye symptoms, follow these tips:

• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout your flight.
• Use lubricating eye drops and sprays (preferably preservative-free) to help maintain eye moisture.
• Blink frequently to stimulate tear production.
• Limit the use of Contact Lenses, and consider wearing glasses instead.
• Avoid direct exposure to air vents or fans that can exacerbate dryness.

Air pressure and oxygen levels decrease at high altitudes, leading to hypobaric hypoxia. This reduction in available oxygen can cause mild swelling of the eye tissues, including the cornea and the retina. While these changes are not harmful, they may lead to temporary vision fluctuations or mild discomfort. Stay well-hydrated and use artificial tears or lubricating eye drops to counteract the dry cabin environment and potential eye tissue swelling.

Some individuals may also experience altitude sickness, which can manifest as headache, dizziness, or nausea, and may indirectly affect eye comfort. Furthermore, ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure increases with altitude, which may pose additional risks to eye health.

Although wearing contact lenses while flying is generally safe, some factors can lead to increased risks of dry eyes, irritation, and eye infections:

• Low humidity: Airplane cabins have low humidity levels, typically 10-20%, significantly lower than the recommended 30-50% indoor humidity. Low humidity can cause the tear film, which provides moisture and lubrication to the eyes, to evaporate more rapidly. This can result in dry and irritated eyes.
• Decreased air pressure: inside an aeroplane cabin is lower than at sea level. This decreased air pressure can reduce oxygen supply to the cornea, causing discomfort and potentially impacting lens fit, especially for long flights or those who wear contact lenses for extended periods.
• Airborne irritants: such as dust or allergens, can become trapped between the contact lens and the eye, causing irritation or even an allergic reaction.

Cabin pressure changes during takeoff and landing can cause minor discomfort, such as ear pain or sinus pressure, as the air pressure within the aeroplane adjusts to the altitude. Although these changes generally do not significantly impact your eyes, they can sometimes exacerbate existing eye conditions or cause temporary fluctuations in vision.

For instance, individuals with pre-existing conditions like Glaucoma may experience increased intraocular pressure (IOP) due to changes in cabin pressure. Elevated IOP can result in discomfort and even cause vision problems if left unmanaged. Additionally, passengers with a history of retinal detachment or recent eye surgery should consult their eye doctor before flying, as changes in cabin pressure may pose a risk in these situations.

Motion sickness during a flight can result in symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and disorientation. To help manage motion sickness and its effects on your eyes, try the following:

• Choose a seat in the middle of the plane, over the wings, where there is less motion.
• Avoid reading or staring at screens during periods of turbulence.
• Focus on a fixed point outside the plane, like the horizon, to help maintain a sense of balance.
• Close your eyes and practice deep breathing if you start to feel nauseous.
• Before your flight, consult your doctor about using anti-motion sickness medications or natural remedies.

Flying is generally safe for individuals with Cataracts, as cabin pressure and altitude changes do not typically worsen the condition. However, if you have recently undergone cataract surgery, ask your surgeon when it is safe to fly, as your eyes may still be healing and vulnerable to complications.

Additionally, cabin pressure changes could affect the healing process or cause discomfort in the operated eye. Following your surgeon's post-operative care instructions and attending all scheduled follow-up appointments is essential to successful recovery.

No specific flying-related risks exist for people with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). However, it is important to continue following general eye health guidelines, such as staying hydrated and wearing UV-protective sunglasses. Additionally, ensure you take regular breaks from activities involving prolonged near vision, like reading or using digital devices, to avoid eye strain.

If you are receiving treatments such as intravitreal injections, consult your doctor about the appropriate timing for your flight, as they may advise you on any special precautions or schedule adjustments needed to maintain the effectiveness of your treatment plan.

Air travel can intensify dry eye symptoms for people with Sjögren’s Syndrome. The low humidity levels in aeroplane cabins can cause more rapid evaporation of the tear film, leading to increased dryness and discomfort. Prolonged exposure to digital screens, air conditioning, and reduced blink rates during flights can further exacerbate these symptoms.

To manage dry eye symptoms during a flight, follow the prevention tips outlined earlier in this article, such as using lubricating eye drops, staying hydrated, and taking breaks from screens. Also, speak to your eye specialist - they may suggest specific treatments, medications, or precautions for a more comfortable flying experience.