5 min

NATURE'S SHIELD & SUPER ANTIOXIDANT - ERGOTHIONEINE

CONTENTS

“There is a purpose to this action by the body. Nature has gone through the effort of creating a way to both obtain those nutrients from our diets and keep them in place where they are needed the most.”

Nature’s Shield – The Power of Ergothioneine

Discovered nearly a century ago whilst studying the humble mushroom, interest in Ergothioneine caught further attention after it was found that the body had evolved a very specific transporter to carry this compound to where the body needs it most.

MTHK’s Ultimate Eye Vitamin – is the first of its kind in eye health nutrition to contain Ergothioneine’s powerful antioxidant properties that promote healthy cell function and strengthen your eye’s natural defences— ensuring optimal vision and resilience against environmental stress.

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Ergothioneine - Nature’s Shield & Cellular Protector

Often called the “longevity vitamin,” ergothioneine stands out as one of nature’s most stable and potent antioxidants, protecting cells from damage. Odourless and colourless, it can only be obtained through diet, yet it is rare in nature and essential for human health.

In ground-breaking research led by Professor Marcus Fruttiger, Professor of Ophthalmology at UCL and Moorfields Eye Hospital and scientific co-founder of MTHK, Ergothioneine was identified as a novel third member (alongside Lutein and Zeaxanthin) of a family of antioxidant compounds obtained through our diet. These compounds are specifically transported to a small area in the retina responsible for sharp, central vision, where they are retained and accumulated.

Benefits of Lutein & Zeaxanthin

“Lutein and Zeaxanthin are related carotenoids, but Ergothioneine stands apart as a completely different compound. Its transport and enrichment in the macula highlight its unique role in eye health.”

Wear and Tear of Everyday Vision

Understanding how vision works can help us learn why antioxidants are vital to protecting our sight and our sense of vision.

At the heart of vision is the retina—a thin layer of cells located right at the back of your eye—no thicker than 0.3mm, responsible for your vision. It works hard every day to capture light, turning it into signals your brain can interpret into the images you see every day. Without it, your eyes wouldn’t be able to ‘talk’ to your brain, and you wouldn’t be able to experience the world around you.

The process of turning lights into signals in a form that can be sent to the brain requires a lot of energy, as well as nutrients and oxygen, making the retina one of the most metabolically active tissues in the human body. The constant exposure to light and oxygen in this area leads to high levels of oxidative stress—a harmful process which, over time, can cause wear and tear—essentially causing damage to the retina and affecting vision.

Ergothioneine's unique & vital role in eye health

“What is very interesting is that whilst Lutein and Zeaxanthin are closely related - both are carotenoids and chemically similar, Ergothioneine stands apart as a completely different compound, and the discovery that it is specifically transported to and enriched in the macula, helps us understand it’s unique and vital role in supporting eye health.”

Professor Marcus Fruttiger
Moorfields Eye Hospital & UCL
Co-Founder at MTHK

Safeguarding your Macula: Key to Clear Vision

The effect of ‘oxidative stress’ is most pronounced in the centre of the retina, specifically in an area known as the ‘macula’. It carries a heavy visual workload to support sharp and central vision—making it most vulnerable to damage from oxidative stress.

Remarkably, however, the human body has found a way to protect itself from harm by accumulating high levels of protective antioxidants in the retina, which are specifically enriched in the macula. These antioxidants defend sight for sharp, central vision.

The pioneering study led by Professor Marcus Fruttiger revealed a significant discovery that has helped us to understand that the protection needed by this area, which extends beyond the antioxidants Lutein and Zeaxanthin and includes a third component, Ergothioneine—also only sourced from our diet—known for its highly potent antioxidant properties.

What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?

Ergothioneine - a Powerhouse of an Antioxidant

  • Ergothioneine is no ordinary antioxidant—it’s a uniquely stable compound that stands up to stress even in challenging environments (like the retina). Unlike many antioxidants that degrade under oxidative pressure, Ergothioneine remains intact; it persists in the body, providing long-lasting, sustained protection.

  • But what is even more remarkable is its ability to amplify the effects of other antioxidants like Vitamin C and E; in other words, it enhances their impact and provides stronger protection against oxidative stress for long-term eye health.

  • This unique compound has a specialised transport system that the body has evolved, enabling it to reach areas prone to oxidative stress, such as the eyes.

  • Ergothioneine protects mitochondria that supply energy for normal cell function. This is vital for eye health; damaged mitochondria can reduce energy, leading to cell death and vision problems, including macular degeneration. Ergothioneine ensures efficient energy production, keeping retinal cells healthy functional.

  • Ergothioneine is a powerful natural antioxidant, like Lutein and Zeaxanthin, which the body cannot produce and relies on dietary sources. While Lutein and Zeaxanthin are more readily available in a balanced, plant-based diet, Ergothioneine is much rarer, found in trace amounts mainly in certain mushrooms like oyster and porcini, and some bacteria.

  • Should we be eating more mushrooms?

    We should all be eating more plants, and typically, that’s where you’ll see the mushroom on dietary charts and in the food isles in supermarkets, but it’s neither a vegetable nor a fruit, but in a vast kingdom all of its own—that of the Fungi.

    We have already identified over 150,000 different types of fungi, but scientists believe the actual number is much larger. This is no surprise; they can grow wherever it is shaded, dark, and damp, such as forest floors. Some types even adapt to flourish in sunnier spots.

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    Should we be eating more mushrooms? (Cont.)

    What you see above ground—the part we consume—is the mushroom, which is a tiny part of the fungi, with most of it hidden underground growing in nutrient-rich soils. It is no surprise, then, that edible mushrooms are an excellent source of vitamins, antioxidants, and other essential nutrients. The best part is that they are very low in calories, virtually fat-free, and a great source of dietary fibre.

    But there's a lot more to mushrooms than their earthy ‘umami’ flavours and beneficial nutritional profile. Other than some bacteria, mushrooms like oyster, porcini and some shiitake varieties are the only other dietary food sources able to make the powerful antioxidant — Ergothioneine.

    Eat Smart for Healthier Eyes

    The Science of Antioxidants

    Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting the body against damage from oxidative stress, helping to maintain eye health and preventing vision loss over time.

    They serve as a natural defence by neutralising free radicals produced by metabolism and environmental factors like UV rays and pollution. This prevents oxidative stress damage and protects cells, including those in the eyes. Without intervention, oxidative stress can cause inflammation, ageing, cataracts and sight-impairing diseases like macular degeneration.

    We now know that Ergothioneine, a compound with strong antioxidative properties, has also been accumulated in the macula to protect it from damage

    Cataracts - Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

    Harness the Protective Power of Ergothioneine

    Despite its rarity, Ergothioneine is distributed throughout the body, from the eyes to the brain, where it plays an important role in maintaining cellular health.

    Since our bodies can’t produce Ergothioneine naturally, supplementation through advanced formulas like MTHK's Ultimate Eye Vitamin) is key to reaping its unparalleled benefits.
    The body easily absorbs Ergothioneine, and it has evolved a mechanism to transport this highly potent antioxidant directly to areas with high oxidative stress, such as the retina and its macula which is most vulnerable to harm.

    MTHK's Ultimate Eye Vitamins offer the most advanced and comprehensive protection for your eyes—shielding them with the antioxidant properties of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and now Ergothioneine, a powerhouse combination for long-lasting vision.

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    Ergothioneine - Resources & References

    1. Spatial distribution of metabolites in the retina and its relevance to studies of metabolic retinal disorders
      Authors: Roberto Bonelli, Sasha M. Woods, Sarah Lockwood, Paul N. Bishop, Kamron N. Khan, Melanie Bahlo, Brendan R. E. Ansell & Marcus Fruttiger

    2. L-ergothioneine as a novel therapeutic candidate through NRF2 activation to protect retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage
      Authors: Sijie Gu, Siqi Wu, Zesong Lin, Zhuo Han, Kunlun Mo, Huaxing Huang, Mingsen Li, Gen Li, Hong Ouyang, Li Wang

    3. Ergothioneine – a diet-derived antioxidant with therapeutic potential
      Authors: Barry Halliwell, Irwin K. Cheah, Richard M. Y. Tang